便利101-500｜有効的な101-500問題サンプル試験｜試験の準備方法LPIC-1 Exam 101, Part 1 of 2, version 5.0合格体験記
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Lpi LPIC-1 Exam 101, Part 1 of 2, version 5.0 認定 101-500 試験問題 (Q110-Q115):
質問 # 110
Which of the following describes the correct order in which the components of the system boot process are started?
正解：E
解説：
Explanation
The system boot process is the sequence of steps that the system follows when it is powered on or restarted.
The system boot process can be divided into four main components: BIOS, bootloader, kernel, and init system.
The order in which these components are started is:
* BIOS: BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System, and it is the first component that runs when the system is powered on. BIOS is a firmware program that is stored in a ROM chip on the motherboard, and it performs some basic tasks, such as:
* initializing the hardware components and peripherals
* performing the power-on self-test (POST) to check the system integrity
* selecting a boot device from the boot order list
* loading and executing the bootloader program from the boot device
* Bootloader: Bootloader is a small program that is responsible for loading and executing the kernel.
Bootloader is usually stored in the first sector of the boot device, which can be a hard disk, a USB drive, or a CD-ROM. Bootloader can also display a menu that allows the user to choose from different kernel images or operating systems. Some common bootloaders for Linux systems are GRUB, LILO, and SYSLINUX.
* Kernel: Kernel is the core of the operating system, and it manages the system resources, controls the hardware devices, and provides basic services to other programs. Kernel is a large binary file that is compressed and stored in the boot device, usually in the /boot directory. Kernel is loaded into memory and executed by the bootloader, and it performs some tasks, such as:
* decompressing itself and relocating to a higher memory address
* detecting and initializing the hardware devices and drivers
* mounting the root filesystem and creating a temporary filesystem in RAM
* starting the init system, which is the first user-space program
* Init system: Init system is the program that initializes the user-space environment and spawns all other processes. Init system is always the first process that runs on the system, and it has the process ID (PID) of 1. Init system can also perform some tasks, such as:
* reading the configuration files and scripts that define the system services and runlevels
* starting and stopping the system services and daemons
* managing the system logins and terminals
* running a graphical user interface or a command-line interface
Some common init systems for Linux systems are SysVinit, systemd, and Upstart.
References:
* Guide to the Boot Process of a Linux System - Baeldung
* The Linux Booting Process - 6 Steps Described in Detail - freeCodeCamp.org
* Boot Process with Systemd in Linux - GeeksforGeeks
* Linux Boot Process Step-by-Step Explained - javatpoint
質問 # 111
The command echo $! will produce what output?
正解：D
質問 # 112
Bob accidentally created the subdirectory obsdir in his home directory. He tried to remove the subdirectory with the command rmdir obsfile only to receive the error, "No such file or directory." Which command will remove the directory?
正解：E
質問 # 113
You have just set up the Gnome Display Manager as your default display manager. What file should you edit to change the default greeting for it?
正解：A
質問 # 114
Which of the following options must be passed to a filesystem's entry in /etc/fstab in order to mount the file system without root privileges?
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
The correct option to pass to a filesystem's entry in /etc/fstab in order to mount the file system without root privileges is:
D: user
The /etc/fstab file is a configuration file that contains information about the filesystems on a Linux system.
The /etc/fstab file defines how and when the filesystems are mounted by the mount command or the system.
The /etc/fstab file has six fields for each filesystem entry, separated by whitespace. The fields are:
* device: the device name or the UUID of the filesystem
* mountpoint: the directory where the filesystem is mounted
* type: the filesystem type, such as ext4, xfs, vfat, etc.
* options: the mount options that modify the behavior of the mount operation, such as ro, noauto, user, etc.
* dump: a flag that indicates whether the filesystem should be backed up by the dump command, 0 for no and 1 for yes
* pass: a flag that indicates the order of filesystem checks by the fsck command at boot time, 0 for no check, 1 for root filesystem, and 2 or higher for other filesystems The user option is a mount option that allows any non-root user to mount the filesystem. By default, only the root user can mount filesystems, unless they are specified in the /etc/fstab file with the user option. For example, to allow any user to mount a USB drive with the device name /dev/sdb1 to the directory /mnt/usb, the /etc/fstab entry would look like:
/dev/sdb1 /mnt/usb vfat user 0 0
The user option also implies the noexec, nosuid, and nodev options, which prevent the execution of binaries, the setuid and setgid bits, and the device files on the mounted filesystem, respectively. These options can be overridden by using the exec, suid, and dev options after the user option.
The other options are not correct because:
* A: auto: This option indicates that the filesystem should be mounted automatically by the mount -a command or at boot time. This option does not affect the ability of non-root users to mount the filesystem. By default, all filesystems in the /etc/fstab file have the auto option, unless they are explicitly marked with the noauto option.
* B: norestrict: This option does not exist in the mount command or the /etc/fstab file. There is no such option as norestrict in the Linux documentation or the man pages.
* C: noauto: This option indicates that the filesystem should not be mounted automatically by the mount
-a command or at boot time. This option does not affect the ability of non-root users to mount the filesystem. The noauto option is usually used for removable devices or network shares that are only mounted on demand.
質問 # 115
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